The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) was a significant turning point in the Indian freedom struggle, led by Mahatma Gandhi. The movement aimed to resist British rule through non-violent means. Key aspects include:

• Civil Disobedience: Gandhi called for the boycott of British goods, institutions, and services, promoting the use of khadi and self-reliance to weaken British economic control.

• Boycott of Government Services: Indians were encouraged to resign from government jobs, boycott schools and colleges, and refrain from participating in any form of British administration.

• Mass Participation: The movement witnessed mass participation, including significant involvement of women and students, which was a new feature in the Indian freedom struggle.

• Strengthening National Unity: The movement united people across regions, religions, and social classes, fostering a sense of national solidarity against the British.

• Impact: The movement successfully weakened British institutions and increased political pressure on the colonial government. However, it was called off after the Chauri Chaura incident in 1922, where violence erupted, contradicting Gandhi’s principles of non-violence.

The Non-Cooperation Movement made clear the Indian demand for self-rule and laid the groundwork for later movements, including the Civil Disobedience and Quit India movements.