Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) are atmospheric gases that trap heat from the sun and warm the Earth’s surface. Major GHGs include:

• Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

• Methane (CH₄)

• Nitrous Oxide (N₂O)

• Water Vapour

• Ozone (O₃)

These gases allow sunlight to enter the atmosphere but prevent the reflected heat from escaping, thereby creating a "greenhouse effect." While this effect is natural and essential for life, human-induced GHG emissions have intensified it, leading to global warming.

For example, burning coal and oil releases CO₂, and agricultural activities release CH₄ and N₂O. This human amplification of the greenhouse effect is causing long-term climate disturbances such as Arctic ice melt, coral bleaching, and unpredictable monsoons.